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Electrical transmission lines are very widely used to transmit high frequency signals over long or short distances with minimum power loss. One familiar example is the down lead from a TV or radio aerial to the receiver.
Short Description
An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers.
Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages.
Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control.
Transmission substation connects two or more transmission lines.
A Distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area.
In distributed generation projects such as a wind farm, a collector substation may be required. It resembles a distribution substation although power flow is in the opposite direction, from many wind turbines up into the transmission grid.
Converter substations may be associated with HVDC converter plants, traction current, or interconnected non-synchronous networks. These stations contain power electronic devices to change the frequency of current, or else convert from alternating to direct current or the reverse.
A Switching station is a substation without transformers and operating only at a single voltage level. Switching stations are sometimes used as collector and distribution stations. Sometimes they are used for switching the current to back-up lines or for parallelizing circuits in case of failure.
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages.
Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer.
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Advantages of Outdoor Substation Over Indoor Substation
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All the equipment is within view and therefore fault location is easier.
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The extension of the installations is easier, if required.
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The time required in erection of such substations is lesser.
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The smaller amount of building materials (steel-concrete) is required.
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The construction work required is comparatively smaller and cost of the switch-gear installations is low.
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Repairing work is easy.
The outdoor substations have the following main advantages over indoor substation:
The substation is an assembly of the following major electrical equipments:
- Electrical Power transformers
- Instrument transformers
- Conductors& Insulators
- Isolators
- Bus Bars
- Lightning Arresters
- Circuit Breakers
- Relays